Newton's Laws

Newton's 1st Law 

• The Law of Inertia 
• Inertia - an object's tendency to resist a change in motion 
• An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force 
• An object in motion will remain in motion with constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force 

• Examples: Groceries in a car fly forward when the brakes are suddenly pressed. A soccer ball will not move until it is kicked. 

Newton's and 2nd law 

• The Law of Acceleration 
• Acceleration, the rate of change of velocity 
• The force of an object is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration 
• Force, mass, and acceleration are all related: Force = Mass X Acceleration 
• Examples: It requires more force to move a bowling ball than a baseball. A small car is able to accelerate faster than a massive truck. 

Newton's 3rd Law 

• The Law of Action-Reaction 
• For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction 
• Forces come in pairs when acting on two interacting objects 
• The size of the force on one object is equal to the size of the force on a second object 
• Examples: A rocket blasting off. A fish is propelled forward by using its fins to push water backward. 

Speed 

• The distance an object travels per unit of time 
• Speed = Distance-Time (S = D:7) 
• Average Speed= Total Distance - Total Time 
• Examples: A person running 10 miles per hour. An airplane moving 500 kilometers per hour. 

Velocity 

• Speed in a given direction 
• The speed and direction of an object's motion 
• Examples: 80 kilometers per hour southwest, 100 meters per minute east, 10 miles per hour west Acceleration 
• The rate of change of velocity 
• Includes the increase in speed, decrease in speed, or change in direction of an object 

Acceleration 

• The rate of change of velocity 
• Includes the increase in speed, decrease in speed, or change in direction of an object 
• Examples: A cor speeds up at a green light. A car slows down at a red light. A car turns a corner

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